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The Bucareli Treaty ((スペイン語:Tratado de Bucareli)), signed on 1923, was an agreement that attempted to resolve important issues in Mexico–United States relations. It was officially called "Convención Especial de Reclamaciones" ((英語:Special Convention of Claims)), for losses sustained by citizens or companies of the United States of America because of the Mexican Revolution.〔(Fechas Históricas de México ), por FERNANDO OROZCO LINARES, PANORAMA EDITORIAL, S. A., 1992〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=General Claims Commission (Mexico and United States): An Inventory of its Decisions Held by the Benson Latin American Collection )〕〔. Available on Wikisource.〕 The treaty sought to channel the demands of U.S. citizens for alleged damage to their property caused by internal wars of the Mexican Revolution during the period between 1910 and 1921.〔〔〔 The meetings were held in Mexico City and were conducted in a federal government owned building located on #85 Avenida Bucareli (therefore the treaty nickname). Negotiations began on May 15, 1923 and ended on August 13 of that year. The treaty was signed by President Álvaro Obregón primarily to obtain diplomatic recognition from the U.S. government led by President Warren G. Harding, but were never formally approved by the congresses of both countries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=13 de agosto de 1923. - Firma de los tratados de Bucareli. )〕 The Bucareli Treaty was canceled shortly after by the President Plutarco Elías Calles.〔KRAUZE, Enrique: ''"Plutarco Elías Calles, reformar desde el origen"'', en la serie ''"Biografía del Poder"'', México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1987.〕 == History == The situation of Mexico in which the treaty was signed was marked by political instability and constant military revolts. Part of the relative weakness of government of Álvaro Obregón came from the fact that the United States had not recognized its post-revolutionary regime.〔Howard F. Cline, ''The United States and Mexico''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1961, p. 204.〕 The Constitution of 1917, with a strong socialist and nationalist influence, had hurt many U.S. interests,〔 therefore, President Warren G. Harding refused to recognize as the legitimate the government of President Álvaro Obregón, and also demanded the repeal of several articles of the Mexican Constitution of 1917 or at least that they be not applied to United States.〔 For Obregón, recognition of his government by the United States was a priority, because that way avoided the constant threat of an armed conflict with that country (that barely nine years before, had invaded the port of Veracruz) and also weakened his internal enemies, who also sought the support of United States.〔〔 〕 Due to the devastation and disorder caused during the Mexican revolution, Obregón considered that foreign direct investment was necessary to rebuild the Mexican economy,〔(Tratado de Bucareli )〕 but the United States conditioned the recognition of Obregon, with a treaty in which Mexico would guarantee the rights of property of U.S. citizens living in Mexico and its oil companies in Mexican territory.〔〔〔〔 The oil problem stemmed from Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution, which states that Mexico is in direct control of everything on Mexican soil. That affected the possession and extraction of oil by U.S. and European oil companies.〔 The low-profile negotiations that led to the treaty took place from May to August 1923 in a venue on Bucareli Avenue in Mexico City. The conditions demanded by the U.S. to the Mexican government were:〔〔〔 * Specify in the content of Article 27 of the Constitution the legal situation of oil industry and agricultural properties of foreigners. * Resume payment of external debt, suspended during the government of President Venustiano Carranza. * Pay compensation to foreigners for damages to their persons or property incurred during the revolutionary struggle. The Mexican Supreme Court of Justice (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación) granted and determined that Article 27 would not be retroactive for the oil industry. Regarding the resumption of external debt payments, Obregón tried to obtain funds through new taxes on oil but the oil companies opposed to the increase, stopped production and that forced the government to repeal the tax. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bucareli Treaty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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